Method and apparatus for waving hair



May l1, 1937. H. BoNA'r 2,079,983

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR wAvING- HAIR Filed Jan. 8, 1936 INVENTOR B @JWM Lml @W ATTORNEYS Patented May 11, 1937 PATENT OFFICE METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR WAVING HAIR nan-y Bonet, New York, N. Y. Application January s, 193s, serial No. 58,064

7 Claims.

Thisinvention relates to so-called permanent waving of hair on the human head, and particulai 1y to improvements in the method of and apparatus for waving hair in the Croquignole fashion. 4

In the practice of Croquignole waving, it has been customary heretofore to secure each strand of hair adjacent the scalp by means of a clamp adapted to firmly grip the hair and thereafter to wind the hair from the ends on a roller, subjecting it to tension from the point where it is gripped by the clamp. The tension is maintained after the hair is wound and while it is moistened r with a suitable lotion, Wrapped and subjected to heat to fix the wave. It has been necessary to clamp the hair firmly so as to avoid pulling the hair at the roots and causing discomfort to the subject.

The known method as described and the devices available therefor have been unsatisfactory in respect to the application of substantially uniform tension to the hair which has not been possible heretofore. The operator has `been able only toguess at the tension to which the hair is sub- 25 jected, and over-winding has frequently resulted in protecting or weakening the hair. Also, be-

cause of difference in tension in adjacent strands,

the waves have not been uniform and'sai,isfacV tory.

vide a simple and effective method of and apparatus for waving hair in which the disadvantages of previous practices arevavoided. i

Another object of the invention is the provision of a method of and apparatus for waving hair in which the hair is tensioned from the free ends, that is to say, tension is applied as the hair is wound and at a substantially uniform rate instead of after the winding is completed as in the practice heretofore followed.

Another object of the invention is the provision of devices permitting the application of uniform tension from the free ends of the hair automatically as the hair is wound, the tension being governed by resilient means and being therefore independent of the operators judgment.

Other objects and advantages of the invention are the provision of simple andelective apparatus Ato facilitate the winding of and maintenance of tension in the hair and theprevention of accidental injury to the scalp.

The invention will be better understood by ref- It is the object of the present invention to pro-v erence to the following specification and the accompanying drawing', in which- Fig. 1 is a view in perspective illustrating the rst step in the operation of winding the hair;

Fig. 2 is a sectional View illustrating two positions of the winding means with respect to the scalp;

Fig. 3 is an elevation partially in section illustrating the'preferred form of apparatus for practising the invention;

Fig. 4 is a plan view of the structure shown in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a section on the line 6-6 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 7 is an end view of the structure shown in lo Fig. 3; and l Fig. 8 is a section on the line 8-8 of Fig. 3.

In carrying out the invention, the hair on the scalp is rst divided into a plurality of strands 5, each of which is separately treated in the manner hereinafter described. The strand 5 is drawn `through a slit 6 in a protector 'I usually consisting of a plurality of layers of some suitable fabric such as flannel which may have an intermediate insulating layer 8A of cork, asbestos or other suitable material, the object of which is to prevent transmission of heat to the scalp.

The end of the strand is secured to a roller 9 by means of a clip I0 pivoted at I I. A few turns are rolled from the ends of the hair so as to ensure that the hair is firmly secured. The roller 9 is provided with a knurled head I2 at one end and with internal ratchet teeth I3 at the other.

The next step as indicated in Fig. 2 (in dotted lines) is to engage the roller with a support III comprising a base having a bracket I 5 at one end which carries a stud I6 and a resilient pawl I'I' which is adapted to engage the internal ratchet teeth I3 on the roller 9. A bracket I8 at the other end of the support I4 is hook-shaped as indicated in Fig. 6, and is adapted to engage the roller 9 adjacent the knurled head I2. Mounted on the base I4 is a resilient member I9 having a covering preferably of rubber, although any suitable material adapted to afford a degree of friction may be employed. The friction surface of the covering 2|] bears against the surface of the roller 9 when the latter is mounted on the support as shown, for example, in Fig. 2.

With the parts in the position as indicated in Fig. 2 in the dotted line position,'the strand of hair is firmly pressed against the roller 9 by the friction surface of the covering 20. The knurled head I2 is then rotated to wind the strand upon 55 where it rests upon the protector l. 'I'he roller is prevented from rotating in the reverse direction by engagement of the pawl il with the ratchet teeth. In the nal position of the support resting on the protector 1, the strand of hair is wound tightly on the roller 9 and is under tension from its free ends, the tension being regulated by the pressure of the friction surface against the hair, but no tension is applied to the strand of hair in the direction of the scalp, and the hair is not subjected, therefore, to any pull, either during the winding or when the winding has been completed.

With the completion of the winding ofthe several strands of hair on the scalp, the wound strands can be moistened with a suitable lotion, wrapped in the usual manner with the usual moistureproof wrapper which may, for example, consist of a strip of flannel with a protecting cover of moisture proof paper. Heat may be applied to the woundstrands by means of the usual heating devices commonly employed inA Croquignole waving. These ordinarily consist of arcuate members containing electric heating elements with suitable insulating handles and resilient means to hold the arcuate members in contact with the wrapped strands of hair. The heating devices, being well known in the art and forming no part of the present invention, are not illustrated in the accompanying drawing.

It will be understood that in accordance with the usual practice, when the heating is completed the heaters and wrappers are removed, and the strands of hair are separated from the rollers, after which the hair may be washed and other- `4,5 wise treated to complete the wave.

The. invention as described aiords a marked improvement in the method and apparatus for waving hair, particularly with reference to simplicity of structure and operation, the ease of 50 application, and the avoidance of tension in the 4\halr adjacent the scalp. The subject can be treated successfully to produce the desired waves without pulling the hair at the scalp and without discomfort. Auxiliary protecting devices can be 55 employed, if necessary, to prevent access of steam to the scalp during the heating operation.

Various changes may be made in the procedure and in the devices employed in connection therewith without departing from the invention or 60 sacrificing any of theadvantages thereof.

I claim:

'1. The method of waving hair on the human scalp which comprises separating a lock of hair,

subjecting the hair as it is wound to substantially uniform tension while leaving the portion of the hair between the wound portion and the scalp unrestrained, moistening and wrapping the hair, and applying heat to the wound hair for a period sufficient to fix the wave therein.

3. The method of waving hair on the human scalp which comprises separating a lock of hair, winding the hair from the free ends spirally, resiliently and continuously clamping the hair as it is wound, subjecting the hair as it is wound to substantially uniform tension while leaving the portion of the hair between the wound portion and the scalp unrestrained, moistening and wrapping the hair, and applying heat to the wound hair for a'period suiiicient to x the wave therein.

4. In an apparatus for waving hair on the human scalp, a support, a roller adapted to be mounted thereon, ratchet means permitting rotation of the roller on the support only in one direction, and means on the support adapted to engage a lock of hair as it is wound on the roller to continuously clamp the successive layers of wound hair.

5. In an apparatus for waving hair on the human scalp, a support, a roller adapted to be mounted thereon, ratchet means permitting rotation of the roller on the support only in one direction and resiliently biased means on the support adapted to engage a. lock of hair as it is wound on the roller to continuously clamp the successive layers of wound hair.

6. In an apparatus for waving hair on the human scalp, a. support, a roller adapted to be mounted thereon, ratchet means permitting rotationof the roller on the support only in one direction, and means on the support having a friction surface adapted to engage a lock of hair as it is wound on the roller to continuously clamp the successive layers of wound hair.

'7. In an apparatus for waving hair on the human scalp, a support, a roller adapted to be mounted thereon, ratchetA means permitting rotation of the roller on the support only in one direction, and resiliently biasedmeans on the HARRY BONAT. n 

